Countertrade

Countertrade is an umbrella term for several sorts of trade in which the
seller is required to accept goods, serivces, or other instruments or
trade, in partial or whole payment for its products. Forms include barter,
buy-back or compensation, offset requirements, swap, switch, or triangular
trade, evidence or bilateral clearing accounts. Some include offsets as a
form of countertrade; others make a distinction based on the view that
countertrade is a reciprocal exchange of goods and services used to
alleviate foreign exchange shortages of importers and that offsets are used
as a means for advancing industrial development objectives and may include
equity investments.
In counterpurchase (one of the most common forms of countertrade),
exporters agree to purchase a quantity of goods from a country in exchange
for that country's purchase of the exporter's product. The goods being
sold by each party are typically unrelated but may be equivalent in value.

In a compensation or buy-back deal, exporters of heavy equipment,
technology, or even entire facilities agree to purchase a certain
percentage of the output of the facility.

Barter is a simple swap of one good for another. Switch trading is a
complicated form of barter, involving a chain of buyers and sellers in
different markets.